The relationship between suicidal ideation and depression is particularly complex since ideation is usually regarded as part of depressive symptomatology, although Hintikka et al. Previous research indicates that suicide and suicidal ideation in adolescents are related to certain mental disorders, particularly depression ( Eguiluz Romo & Ayala Mira, 2014 Fonseca-Pedrero et al., 2018 WHO, 2017b Pereira & Cardoso, 2015). Suicidal ideation can therefore be considered as a set of cognitive and affective elements such as the thoughts, desires, and emotions or feelings that determine the suicidal act ( Valadez-Figueroa, Chávez-Hernández, Vargas-Valadez, & Ochoa-Orendain, 2019). For example, adolescents who have been victims of bullying are at a greater risk of presenting suicidal ideation ( Baiden & Tadeo, 2020). However, an important element to explain it is the emergence of a stressful event that creates certain negative emotions and the desire to escape from the situation ( de la Torre Martí, 2013). Suicidal ideation in adolescents is a complex phenomenon due to its cognitive nature in which personal, familial, and contextual elements come into play ( Klonsky, May, & Saffer, 2016). Cognitive-behavioral theory defines it as the emergence of thoughts with contents related to ending one’s life ( de la Torre Martí, 2013), while Beck, Kovacs, & Weissman (1979a) describe it as making plans and having wishes to commit suicide. Eguiluz (2003) has conceptualized suicidal ideation as a type of intrusive, repetitive thoughts, an individual has about self-inflicted death and the way the person wishes to die. Suicidal ideation is a fundamental element of the process called suicidal behavior, which acts as a trigger for the other components: suicide attempts and completed suicide ( Pereira & Cardoso, 2015). Suicide death indicators are therefore higher in men ( Gabilondo et al., 2007). Both behavior and suicidal ideation vary by gender ( WHO, 2014), with men displaying a greater tendency to engage in suicidal behavior, to which end they use more highly effective techniques than women, who tend to show greater suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. In Mexico, suicide rates in adolescents and young people were 12.6 in men and 3.9 in women (per 100,000) ( National Institute of Statistics and Geography, 2017) between 20. It is one of the main causes of loss of years of life due to premature death, and the second cause of death in adolescents and young people aged 15 to 29 ( WHO, 2018). Suicide constitutes a worldwide public health problem due to its impact, severity, and health costs ( World Health Organization, 2017a).
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